黨史故事100講——張奚若：為新中國國名建言獻策

1937年(nian)，中國人民黨區政(zheng)府為展示君主(zhu)制(zhi)化(hua)，開發了中國人民參(can)政(zheng)會(hui)系(xi)統(tong)，至少君主(zhu)制(zhi)化(hua)專(zhuan)家(jia)被選(xuan)(xuan)為參(can)政(zheng)員(yuan)。參(can)政(zheng)聯席會(hui)議上，蔣介石(shi)的獨裁本質(zhi)特征連續顯露出來，但他(ta)也對敢坦言的君主(zhu)制(zhi)化(hua)專(zhuan)家(jia)心(xin)存頭(tou)暈(yun)惡(e)心(xin)，張奚若、錢端(duan)升、羅(luo)隆基、周(zhou)炳琳醉(zui)鬼(gui)被選(xuan)(xuan)為蔣介石(shi)最有一(yi)絲(si)擔心(xin)站起來質(zhi)問的參(can)政(zheng)員(yuan)。

在1939年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)連(lian)續中(zhong)國青年(nian)(nian)(nian)參政(zheng)(zheng)會后，張(zhang)奚(xi)(xi)若(ruo)嚴(yan)詞批判中(zhong)國青年(nian)(nian)(nian)黨的(de)腐化和獨(du)裁。但(dan)是，蔣介石為做到我自己留意(yi)(yi)社情民意(yi)(yi)、留意(yi)(yi)民主化化，也來參加國年(nian)(nian)(nian)會，但(dan)張(zhang)奚(xi)(xi)若(ruo)的(de)講稿(gao)令他著實不堪，相當于阻攔張(zhang)奚(xi)(xi)若(ruo)說(shuo)：“迎(ying)接(jie)提想法，但(dan)別太刻(ke)薄！”張(zhang)奚(xi)(xi)若(ruo)對蔣介石的(de)假惺惺民主化化極其鬧脾(pi)氣，此(ci)前拂袖而去。以(yi)至幾(ji)屆參政(zheng)(zheng)會召(zhao)開(kai)時，中(zhong)國青年(nian)(nian)(nian)鎮政(zheng)(zheng)府給張(zhang)奚(xi)(xi)若(ruo)寄(ji)來臨晨會路(lu)(lu)費(fei)和知會。張(zhang)奚(xi)(xi)若(ruo)女士此(ci)前回電(dian)：“無政(zheng)(zheng)可參，路(lu)(lu)費(fei)退掉(diao)。”

中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)抗日世界戰(zhan)爭勝利(li)者后(hou)(hou)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)迫于社情民(min)意的(de)壓(ya)差，一的(de)方(fang)(fang)面假(jia)心設(she)立自(zi)由(you)主(zhu)義憲(xian)政，籌措開會(hui)通知政冶調解開會(hui)；一的(de)方(fang)(fang)面暗地里籌措內(nei)戰(zhan)。那(nei)時候，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)幼(you)小銜接部規程，院(yuan)校系主(zhu)住以上內(nei)容的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)保證(zheng)加如中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)，并要填(tian)寫內(nei)容工作表格。曾任華南聯大政冶學(xue)系主(zhu)住的(de)張(zhang)奚(xi)若(ruo)，理(li)念非(fei)常明(ming)(ming)顯，如不(bu)(bu)拒決。在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)政冶調解開會(hui)籌措過后(hou)(hou)，共(gong)產黨(dang)(dang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)和自(zi)由(you)主(zhu)義盟友會(hui)將張(zhang)奚(xi)若(ruo)納為無黨(dang)(dang)派(pai)(pai)的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)名冊。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)的(de)方(fang)(fang)面不(bu)(bu)允(yun)許，證(zheng)明(ming)(ming)張(zhang)奚(xi)要是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)共(gong)青(qing)團(tuan)員(yuan)(yuan)。張(zhang)奚(xi)若(ruo)聞聽后(hou)(hou)請馬上溝通時報(bao)社，在(zai)《大公報(bao)》會(hui)發出證(zheng)明(ming)(ming)：“近會(hui)有人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)家(jia)誣蔑，誤稱自(zi)己的(de)為中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)共(gong)青(qing)團(tuan)員(yuan)(yuan)，實(shi)為對自(zi)己的(de)一個(ge)大的(de)毆打(da)，特此說明(ming)(ming)書怎么寫，自(zi)己的(de)不(bu)(bu)應屬某些黨(dang)(dang)派(pai)(pai)。”

1946年末，在(zai)部分四校協力進行(xing)的(de)(de)時事新(xin)聞講演(yan)大(da)會上(shang)，張(zhang)奚若(ruo)對國家地區經(jing)濟(ji)黨(dang)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)制收賄腐敗拉開強烈譏諷：“現(xian)再全球統治(zhi)為部分沒什么技巧(qiao)的(de)(de)、是(shi)至(zhi)關(guan)無知的(de)(de)、至(zhi)關(guan)收賄的(de)(de)、至(zhi)關(guan)反動的(de)(de)和(he)是(shi)至(zhi)關(guan)專(zhuan)制的(de)(de)哲(zhe)學群體所惡性(xing)競爭。”“在(zai)報紙雜(za)志上(shang)馬路邊(bian)往往能(neng)見到(dao)是(shi)一(yi)個形容(rong)詞‘赤匪(fei)(fei)’，假定(ding)(ding)中共能(neng)就(jiu)叫(jiao)‘赤匪(fei)(fei)’的(de)(de)情況下(xia)，讓我國家地區經(jing)濟(ji)黨(dang)就(jiu)能(neng)叫(jiao)‘白匪(fei)(fei)’。但是(shi)‘白’字還太之后，太整(zheng)潔了，孩子(zi)(zi)們(men)可以說那就(jiu)是(shi)‘黑(hei)匪(fei)(fei)’！”張(zhang)奚若(ruo)越(yue)說越(yue)氣惱，他概要總括國家地區經(jing)濟(ji)黨(dang)人(ren)民政(zheng)府的(de)(de)行(xing)經(jing)是(shi)“漂亮話說盡，事是(shi)做絕(jue)”。老爺子(zi)(zi)說：“為了能(neng)夠國家地區設(she)身處(chu)地，也為蔣介石本人(ren)設(she)身處(chu)地，蔣因該下(xia)野(ye)。假定(ding)(ding)是(shi)我時間見到(dao)蔣老兄，就(jiu)讓定(ding)(ding)對老爺子(zi)(zi)說，請他下(xia)野(ye)。”

1949年，用(yong)作聞名(ming)民主(zhu)制度者，張奚若列席了新規協籌組會(hui)議內容(rong)，對新全國(guo)的國(guo)名(ming)提供(gong)了自已的小編建議。

1946年(nian)，黨中(zhong)央(yang)上(shang)線“無一宣(xuan)(xuan)言(yan)(yan)”，獲得雙方面樂觀去理會這(zhe)些(xie)謠言(yan)(yan)。毛澤(ze)東主(zhu)席在八月份(fen)1日給各(ge)君(jun)主(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)黨派(pai)的(de)復電(dian)中(zhong)，指出要(yao)“構(gou)建自由權(quan)(quan)、自由權(quan)(quan)、強盛和(he)(he)(he)保持一致的(de)華(hua)夏(xia)百姓君(jun)主(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)州(zhou)公(gong)(gong)民神(shen)(shen)(shen)州(zhou)國(guo)民中(zhong)華(hua)共和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)”。在這(zhe)之后段耗時(shi)，中(zhong)國(guo)改革開放國(guo)家的(de)國(guo)名一只沿用“華(hua)夏(xia)百姓君(jun)主(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)州(zhou)公(gong)(gong)民神(shen)(shen)(shen)州(zhou)國(guo)民中(zhong)華(hua)共和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)”這(zhe)些(xie)英文名稱。在1949年(nian)6月20日新規協籌組會首要(yao)次群(qun)體會議安排上(shang)，毛澤(ze)東引導小(xiao)伙伴們高喊的(de)宣(xuan)(xuan)言(yan)(yan)這(zhe)就是“華(hua)夏(xia)百姓君(jun)主(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)州(zhou)公(gong)(gong)民神(shen)(shen)(shen)州(zhou)國(guo)民中(zhong)華(hua)共和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)萬歲”。

辦公(gong)年會(hui)(hui)過后(hou)，一系(xi)列(lie)指代對“中(zhong)原(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)帝(di)王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)中(zhong)華民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)黃(huang)(huang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)夢(meng)(meng)百(bai)姓(xing)(xing)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)黃(huang)(huang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)公(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”這(zhe)是英文分(fen)類做(zuo)出了不同(tong)的一件(jian)。黃(huang)(huang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)培、張志讓(rang)認定(ding)這(zhe)是國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)名(ming)偏長(chang)，“共和”就(jiu)“帝(di)王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)”之意，二者并無兼列(lie)必備(bei)，做(zuo)出調成“中(zhong)原(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)帝(di)王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”。孩子的一件(jian)導致準備(bei)會(hui)(hui)常務(wu)管委會(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)的看重。在6月23日的辦公(gong)年會(hui)(hui)上，張奚若講(jiang)演說：“有(you)有(you)幾個老(lao)師傅(fu)稱中(zhong)原(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)帝(di)王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)中(zhong)華民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)黃(huang)(huang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)夢(meng)(meng)百(bai)姓(xing)(xing)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)黃(huang)(huang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)公(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)人(ren)名(ming)偏長(chang)，說加中(zhong)原(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)中(zhong)華民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)黃(huang)(huang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)夢(meng)(meng)百(bai)姓(xing)(xing)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)黃(huang)(huang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)公(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之名(ming)。就(jiu)看叫中(zhong)原(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)中(zhong)華民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)黃(huang)(huang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)夢(meng)(meng)百(bai)姓(xing)(xing)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)黃(huang)(huang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)公(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)比(bi)叫中(zhong)原(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)帝(di)王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)好。有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)四(si)個字(zi)就(jiu)可不能(neng)帝(di)王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)四(si)個字(zi)。焉有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)而不帝(di)王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)哉？且‘帝(di)王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)’名(ming)詞原(yuan)于希臘字(zi)，與國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)同(tong)義(yi)。”他(ta)認定(ding)這(zhe)是英文分(fen)類雖長(chang)，釋疑起來更易(yi)搞清楚。“是共和得(de)以(yi)專制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，帝(di)王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)得(de)以(yi)帝(di)王(wang)(wang)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)得(de)以(yi)布爾喬亞(ya)的歐(ou)洲國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家。”在以(yi)至(zhi)的探(tan)討一下(xia)中(zhong)，張奚若的意見和建議取到了指代們的完全(quan)同(tong)意，新全(quan)球國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)名(ming)宣布正式確立“中(zhong)原(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)中(zhong)華民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)黃(huang)(huang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)夢(meng)(meng)百(bai)姓(xing)(xing)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)黃(huang)(huang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)公(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”。